Mahanadi river, Odisha

The Mahanadi River, one of India's longest rivers, holds significant importance in various aspects of human life, ranging from agriculture to industrial development and beyond. One primary application of the Mahanadi River lies in its contribution to agriculture. The river, along with its tributaries, provides irrigation water to vast agricultural lands in the states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh. The river's water is harnessed through a network of canals and reservoirs, aiding in mitigating drought and ensuring stable agricultural yields in the region.  The fertile plains along its banks benefit from the regular flow of water, supporting the cultivation of rice, pulses, oilseeds, and sugarcane, among other crops. Furthermore, the river's water is crucial for sustaining livestock and supporting aquaculture activities. The river sustains diverse ecosystems, hosting a plethora of flora and fauna. Its riparian zones and wetlands harbour rich biodiversity, providing habitats for numerous species of birds, fish, and other aquatic life forms.

Apart from agriculture, the Mahanadi River also serves as a vital source of drinking water for millions of people residing in the regions through which it flows. Numerous towns and cities, including Sambalpur, Cuttack, and Bhubaneswar, depend on the river for their water supply needs. However, the increasing pollution levels and sedimentation pose significant challenges to maintaining the quality and quantity of water suitable for consumption. Additionally, the Mahanadi River plays a crucial role in supporting industrial activities. Industries situated along its banks utilize its water for various purposes such as cooling, processing, and transportation. However, this industrial usage often leads to pollution and environmental degradation, necessitating stringent regulations and sustainable practices to mitigate adverse impacts.

Furthermore, the Mahanadi River's hydropower potential is tapped through various dams and barrages, aiding in meeting the energy demands of the region. Projects like the Hirakud Dam, one of the longest earthen dams in the world, provide irrigation, hydroelectricity, and flood control, thereby playing a crucial role in the socio-economic development of the area .The Mahanadi River holds cultural and recreational significance. The scenic beauty and recreational opportunities along the Mahanadi River attract tourists, promoting tourism-related activities such as boating, fishing, and eco-tourism. The river banks also hold cultural and historical significance, with various temples and heritage sites dotting its course, further enhancing its appeal as a tourist destination.

However, issues such as riverbank erosion, habitat degradation, and declining biodiversity underscore the importance of comprehensive management strategies to ensure the sustainable utilization of the river's resources while preserving its ecological integrity.

Satabdi Sahoo

APRF, Odisha