Sanjeet Kumar
Cell culture is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. The term “cell culture” now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multi-cellular eukaryotes. There are two basic systems for growing cells in cultures, Adherent culture and Suspension culture. Suspension culture is a culture in which cells multiply while suspended in suitable medium. Callus tissue is an essential material in plant cell culture systems. When it is introduced into a liquid medium and agitated, the cells disperse throughout the liquid to form a cell suspension culture. Such cells are, in theory, totipotent and should also have a potential to synthesize any of the compounds normally associated with the intact plant. As new cells are formed they are dispersed into the liquid medium and become cluster and aggregates. Cells in suspension can exhibit much higher rates of cell division than do cells in callus culture. Cell suspension offers advantages when rapid cell division or many cell generations are desired. It is useful for research into the Genetics and Biotechnology for the production of new plant varieties and secondary metabolites. It is used for bulk protein production, batch harvesting and many other bioactive compounds. It is most suitable for selection purposes, where it is possible to regenerate plants from variant cells, selection techniques have potential for the production of crop varieties with new characteristics such as herbicide resistance, salt tolerance, diseases resistance and metal tolerance.
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