Jane Kab Khatam Hogi......

 jindgi ek surur hai..... kaha suru, kaha chita ki dhul hai....
na jane kab khtam hogi..... ye v ek junun hai.....
kavi ye furast ki yaaden.... kavi ummidon ki lahar... na jane kab khatm hogi...

 apni ye galtian... apna ye surur... kahi imtihan... kahi jindgi ki
bhul.... na jane kab khatm hogi.... na jane kab khatm hogi....

ye sanse ye lahu ka chalta safar hamari rago me.... na jane kab khatm
hogi.... intjar us aakhri ghadi ki... jab bas ek huk se aaigi... aur
humare hawaon ko hawa mi mila degi... na jane kab khatm hogi.... wo
aakhri intjar ek huk ki... na jane kab khatm hogi...

Koi surur dekhta hai,,, koi tawujur... koi to dekhe... us lahar ko jo
ab chalta v hai ab aahista aahista.... kesa dar ? un jiwan ke lal
ganga ko.... !!! bas ahista ahista... ek intjar.. jane kab khatm
hogi... jane kab khatm hogi....

Peperomia pellucida (Ghusripan): A shallow-rooted herb in the holy place of Sikharjee (Madhuban), Giridih, Jharkhand, India

Sanjeet Kumar, Sachin Verma & ASK
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com


Giridih



Peperomia pellucida is an annual, shallow-rooted shiny herb is a common fleshy annual, growing by roadside and in wasteland.Usually growing to a height of about 15 to 45 cm. it is characterized by succulent stems, shiny, heart-shaped, fleshy leaves and tiny, dot-like seeds attached to several fruiting spikes. It has a mustard-like odor when crushed. The family Piperaceae comprises about a dozen genera and around 3000 species. The genus Peperomia represents nearly half of the Piperaceae with the genus Piper making the bulk of the rest. Flowering year-round, the plant is found in various shaded, damp habitats all over Asia and the Americas. It grows in clumps, thriving in loose, humid soils and a tropical to subtropical climate.

Common names :

·         Konsaka wiwiri (Guianas)

·         Coraçãozinho or "little heart" (Brazil)

·         Lingua de sapo, herva-de-vidro, herva-de-jaboti or herva-de-jabuti (South America).

·         In Oceania, it is called rtertiil (Belauan)

·         Podpod-lahe or potpopot (Chamorro).

·         In the different dialects of the Philippines, it is called pansit-pansitan or ulasimang-bato (Tagalog), olasiman ihalas (Bisaya), sinaw-sinaw or tangon-tangon (Bikol), and lin-linnaaw (Ilocano).

·         In other parts of Asia, it is known as càng cua (Vietnam); pak krasang (Thailand); suna kosho (Japan); rangu-rangu, ketumpangan or tumpang angin (Bahasa/Malay);

·         Rinrin (Nigeria).

Botany :

Stems are translucent pale green, erect or ascending, usually 15-45 cm long, internodes usually 3-8 cm long, hairless. Fleshy leaves are heart shaped, shiny light green, 1.5-4 cm long, 1-3.3 cm wide. It has very small bi-sexual flowers growing in the form of cord-like spikes, 3-6 cm long, arising from the leaf axils. The fruits are also very small, round to oblong, ridged, first green later black. They have one single seed. Shiny bush has a mustard like odor.The plant can be utilized as a vegetable and in salads. Shiny Bush is native to south America, but widely naturalized and cultivated

Medicinal and Pharmacological Uses:

·         Peperomia pellucida has been used as a food item as well as a medicinal herb. Although mostly grown for its ornamental foliage, the entire plant is edible, both cooked and raw.

·         The analgesic properties of the plant seem to be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis.

·         It may have potential as a broad spectrum antibiotic, as demonstrated in tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.

·         Chloroform extracts from dried leaves of P. pellucida have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro.

·         Although the plant can cause asthma-like symptoms in patients with known hypersensitivity reactions to the species, no clinical data have yet been reported on human toxicity.

·         Ethnomedicinal uses for the plant vary. P. pellucida has been used for treating abdominal pain, abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, headache, renal disorders, and rheumatic joint pain.

·         In Bolivia, Alteños Indians use the whole plant to stop hemorrhages.

·         The roots are used to treat fevers and the aerial parts are used as dressing for wounds.

·         In northeastern Brazil, the plant has been used to lower cholesterol.

·         In Guyana and the Amazon region, it is a popular cough suppressant, emollient, and diuretic.

·         It is also used to treat proteinuria.

·         In the Philippines, a decoction of the plant is used to decrease uric acid levels and to treat renal problems.

·         It is also used topically for skin disorders such as acne and boils.

·         In South America, Shiny Bush is used medicinally. A solution of the fresh juice of stem and leaves is used against eye inflammation. It is also been applied against coughing, fever, common cold, headache, sore throat, diarrhea, against kidney - and prostate problems and against high blood pressure. Shiny bush is also used in Ayurvedic medicine.

·         The plant species has a history of ethnomedicinal use. Anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, and analgesic properties have been found in crude extracts of P. pellucida .

·         The plant has a rich history of medicinal use. Ethnomedicinal data in Bolivia from Alteños Indians document the whole plant being crushed, mixed with water, heated, and then orally administered to stop hemorrhage. The same reference documents a root decoction for treatment of fevers and mashed aerial parts applied topically or used as dressing for wounds.

Leaves of the plant

·         P. pellucida has been used for treating abdominal pain, abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, headache, renal disorders, and rheumatic pain, and to treat breast cancer, impotence, measles, mental disorders, and smallpox. It has been used in salads or as a cooked vegetable to help relieve rheumatic joint pain.

·         Other medicinal properties vary depending on region. In northeastern Brazil, the plant has been used to lower cholesterol; in Guyana, it has been used as a diuretic and to treat proteinuria; and in the Amazon region, it has been used as a cough suppressant, diuretic, and emollient, and to treat cardiac arrhythmia.

·         Numerous chemical investigations, primarily on the essential oils of the plant, are found in medical literature. One study identified 71 compounds from the essential oils of 10 Piperaceae species. Sesquiterpenes appear to be the major chemical constituents in the essential oils. Carotol (13.41%) was the major hydroxylated sesquiterpene in a chemical analysis of P. pellucida . Flavonoids, phytosterols, arylpropanoids (eg, apiols), substituted styrenes, and a dimeric ArC ₂ compound or pellucidin A have been isolated. Antifungal activity has been documented for arylpropanoids such as the apiols. Other compounds, like the peperomins, have cytotoxic or anticancer activity in vitro. Isolated flavonoids include acacetin, apigenin, isovitexin, and pellucidatin. Isolated phytosterols include campesterol and stigmasterol

Cultural Map of Giridih

·         A solution of the fresh juice of stem and leaves is used against eye inflammation.
It is also applied against coughing, fever, common cold, headache, sore throat, diarrhea, against kidney - and prostate problems and against high blood pressure.
Used in the treatment of abscesses, furuncles, gout, rheumatic pains and conjunctivitis.
This plant is reported to have analgesic activity; antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and antifungal activity.

Source : From Literature

Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae): Un arbuste commun dans les régions périphériques de Simlipal Réserve de biosphère de la forêt, Odisha, Inde

ASK

The plant Heliotropium indicum L. commonly known as “Hatisundha” in Oriya belongs to family Boraginaceae, a small fragrant evergreen annual herb. The plant is medicinnaly important which is used to cure various diseases like fever, inflammation, wound, tumour and flatulence in Indian traditional system of medicine. Also it is commonly known as Indian heliotrope, is an annual, hirsute plant that is a common weed in waste places and settled areas. It is native to Asia. Some travel agencies may use the natural attractions like weeds of the Family Boraginaceae for their travel deals as many do for the flights to japan.

Classification:

Kingdom:            Plantae

Sub-kingdom:     Tracheobionta

Division:              Magnoliophyta

Order:                  Lamiales

Family:                 Boraginaceae

Common names:

• Indian heliotrope (English)
• Indian turnsole (English)
• Erysipela plant (English)
• Bigotitos (Spanish)
• Trompa elefante (Spanish)
• Lengua de Sapo (Spanish)
• Elepante (Cebuano)
• Kambra-kambra (Cebuano)
• Buntot-leon (Tagalog)
• Trompa ng elepante (Tagalog)
• Kuting-kutingan (Tagalog)
• Pengñga-pengñga (Ilocano)
• Vòi voi (Vietnamese)
• Siriyari  or Hathsura (Hindi and Urdu)
• Hatisur (BENGALI)
• Thel kodukku (Tamil)
• Chelukondi Gida (Kannada)
• Tournesol indien (French)
• jengking kala (Malaysia)

Botany:

Indian heliotrope is an annual, erect, branched plant that can grow to a height of about 15 to 50 cm. It has a hairy stem, bearing alternating ovate to oblong-ovate leaves. It has small white flowers with a green calyx; five stamens borne on a corolla tube; a terminal style; and a four-lobed ovary. This is an annual herb which grows to a height of 50 cm and can be found along coastlines, in drains and vacant plots. annual, erect herb, up to 75 cm tall. Taproot white or brown. Stems erect, grooved, hollow, hairy. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, not lobed or divided, alternate, spiral, or sometimes basal ones opposite, stalked, ovate, more than 2 cm long/wide, hairy, scabrous, margin entire, apex acute, base obtuse or rounded, pinnately veined. Flowers bisexual, grouped together in a many-flowered, terminal, elongated cyme, blue with a orange throat, petals 5, fused. Fruit nut-like.

Distribution:

The plant is a native of Asia. A common weed in waste places and settled areas. It is also found in Bangladesh, Tanzania, India.

Medicinal Uses:

·         Decoction of root with honey is taken as vitamin for iron deficiency by woman against anemia during pregnancy period.

·         In the Philippines, the plant is chiefly used as an herbal medicine. The extracted juice from the pounded leaves of the plants is used to cure wounds, skin ulcers and furuncles. The juice is also used as an eye drop for conjunctivitis. The pounded leaves are used as poultice.

·         The plant contains heliotrine, helindicine, lycopsamine, indicine, indicine-N-oxide, acetyl-indicine, heleurine, supinine, supinidine, lindelofidine, trachelanthamidine, retronecine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, rapanone, C16-C18 fatty acid esters of 1-cyano-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-en-3-ol. It also yields an essential oil which consists mainly 49% phytol, 6.4% 1-dodecanol and 3% β-linalool.

·         In Malaysia, a paste made from the plant is applied to reduce urination, to counteract putrefaction, to treat pyoderma and ringworm infection. In Burma, a decoction of the whole plant is used to treat gonorrhea while in Indonesia, an infusion of the leaves is used to soothe mouth sprue. A decoction of the dried roots is drunk in the Philippines to promote menses, while the seeds are used to treat cholera, malaria, and for wound-healing .

·         The anti-infectious property of the herb is probably due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (2).

·         In fusion of the leaves and young shoots are used to treat nettle rash. Infusion of the flowers taken in small doses regulates menstruation, where large doses are abortive. Decoction of the leaves are used as a vermifuge. Juice of the leaves is antiseptic and anti-inflammation and applied to wounds, sores, boils, gum-boils and pimples on the face. Boiled with castor oil, it is applied to scorption bites. It is also employed locally in nophthalmia, when the cornea is inflamed or excoriated.

·         The roots of this herb contain rapanone related to the quinone embelin which is known to be a potential contraceptive agent .

·         Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have antitumor properties but with limited potentials owing to some extent the toxicity of the active constituent, indicine-N-oxide from Heliotropium indicum. It is reported that indicine-N-oxide has reached Phase 1 clinical trials in advanced cancer patients .

·         The essential oil from the aerial parts of the herb showed significant antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in the Alamar blue assay system with an MIC of 20.8 mg/ml (4).

·         Suspensions of powdered dried leaves of Heliotropiumindicum with 2% gum acacia were evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats. This herb produced significant anti-inflammatory effect in both the carrageenin hind paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma. However, it was found to be less effective than the standard drug such as phenylbutazone. The study concludes that this herb possesses anti-inflammatory effects in both acute and subacute inflammation (6).

·         Alcoholic extract of Heliotropium indicum was studied for wound healing properties in a rat model (7). Topical application of 10% w/v Heliotropium indicum increased the percentage of wound contraction and completed wound healing by the 14^th day with increased tensile strength indicating rapid epithelization and collagenization. This study suggests that the .

·         Indicine-N-oxide was tested on 37 patients (15 males, 22 females, mean age 53 years) with solid tumours (5). All patients had previously undergone chemotherapy, and 25 had prior radiotherapy. Eighty-four percent had a performance status of 0-3 (Cancer and Leukemia Group B criteria). The drug was given as a short infusion over 15 minutes and repeated with a median interval of 4 weeks with close monitoring of wbc and platelet counts. The patients were given a total of 55 courses starting from 1g/m² to a maximum tolerated dose of 9 g/m². The therapeutic dose was found to be at 7 g/m² and a dose of 5 g/m² was recommended for patients with high risk. Toxic effects were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and the toxicity was cumulative with repeated doses. Other toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, anemia, and hepatic dysfunction. The hematologic toxicity have a tendency to be more distinct in patients with hepatic dysfunction, poor marrow reserve, and heavy prior chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results demonstrated that there were no complete or partial responses. One patient with skin melanoma and another with ovarian carcinoma had improvement lasting 2 months. Dose reductions may be necessary for repeated courses.

·         Ingestion of this herb is dangerous. Fatal accidental poisoning in humans by drinking herbal tea probably contaminated or substituted with the seeds of this plant has been reported (8).

·         Lactating mothers should avoid consuming herbal tea contaminated with the seeds of this herb as it is a toxicity hazard to babies (8).

·         An extract from a solution made from either boiling its roots in water or from its pounded roots in water is drunk twice or thrice a day to treat yaws. An aqueous extract from its dried leaves exhibits gastropropective properties. A Juice extract from its leaves is applied onto wounds, sores, boils, gum-boils and facial pimples due to its antiseptic and anti inflammatory properties as a treatment. The compound alkaloid indicine exhibits anti tumor properties that act against carinosarcoma, leukemia and melanoma tumors, the plant also acts against human breast adenocarcinoma. Volatile oil extracts from its aerial parts exhibits activities that acts against tuberculosis. An infusion made from both its leaves and its young shoots is taken to treat nettle rash. A decoction made from its leaves is taken to expel parasitic worms. A solution made from boiling castor oil together with its leaves' juice extract is applied onto scorpion bites as a treatment. Its stem exhibits analgesic properties. An infusion made from its flowers when taken in large doses induces abortion whereas when taken in small doses it aids in regulating menstruation. It contains repellent properties that act as insecticides and anti feedant agents.

·         Plants are also astringent, emollient, vulnerary and diuretic. It is used as local application for ulcers, sores, wounds, gum boils, skin affections, stings of insects and rheumatism. Leaves are used for ringworm; juice is used in eye disease; decoction is used in fevers and urticaria. Roots are aphrodisiac; used for the cure of night blindness. Decoction of the roots is used in coughs and fevers. Seeds are stomachic. The flowers are considered emmenagogue in small doses and abortifacient in large doses (Yusuf et al. 2009).

Source: From Literature

Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae): A common shrub at peripheral parts of Simlipal Biosphere Reserve Forest, Odisha, India

Sanjeet Kumar
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com

The plant Heliotropium indicum L. commonly known as “Hatisundha” in Oriya belongs to family Boraginaceae, a small fragrant evergreen annual herb. The plant is medicinnaly important which is used to cure various diseases like fever, inflammation, wound, tumour and flatulence in Indian traditional system of medicine. Also it is commonly known as Indian heliotrope, is an annual, hirsute plant that is a common weed in waste places and settled areas. It is native to Asia. Some travel agencies may use the natural attractions like weeds of the Family Boraginaceae for their travel deals as many do for the flights to japan.

Jashipur Gate

Classification:

Kingdom:            Plantae

Sub-kingdom:   Tracheobionta

Division:             Magnoliophyta

Order:                  Lamiales

Family:                                Boraginaceae

Common names:

• Indian heliotrope (English)
• Indian turnsole (English)
• Erysipela plant (English)
• Bigotitos (Spanish)
• Trompa elefante (Spanish)
• Lengua de Sapo (Spanish)
• Elepante (Cebuano)
• Kambra-kambra (Cebuano)
• Buntot-leon (Tagalog)
• Trompa ng elepante (Tagalog)
• Kuting-kutingan (Tagalog)
• Pengñga-pengñga (Ilocano)
• Vòi voi (Vietnamese)
• Siriyari  or Hathsura (Hindi and Urdu)
• Hatisur (BENGALI)
• Thel kodukku (Tamil)
• Chelukondi Gida (Kannada)
• Tournesol indien (French)
• jengking kala (Malaysia)

Botany:

Indian heliotrope is an annual, erect, branched plant that can grow to a height of about 15 to 50 cm. It has a hairy stem, bearing alternating ovate to oblong-ovate leaves. It has small white flowers with a green calyx; five stamens borne on a corolla tube; a terminal style; and a four-lobed ovary. This is an annual herb which grows to a height of 50 cm and can be found along coastlines, in drains and vacant plots. annual, erect herb, up to 75 cm tall. Taproot white or brown. Stems erect, grooved, hollow, hairy. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, not lobed or divided, alternate, spiral, or sometimes basal ones opposite, stalked, ovate, more than 2 cm long/wide, hairy, scabrous, margin entire, apex acute, base obtuse or rounded, pinnately veined. Flowers bisexual, grouped together in a many-flowered, terminal, elongated cyme, blue with a orange throat, petals 5, fused. Fruit nut-like.

Heliotropium indicum

Distribution:

The plant is a native of Asia. A common weed in waste places and settled areas. It is also found in Bangladesh, Tanzania, India.

Medicinal Uses:

·         Decoction of root with honey is taken as vitamin for iron deficiency by woman against anemia during pregnancy period.

·         In the Philippines, the plant is chiefly used as an herbal medicine. The extracted juice from the pounded leaves of the plants is used to cure wounds, skin ulcers and furuncles. The juice is also used as an eye drop for conjunctivitis. The pounded leaves are used as poultice.

·         The plant contains heliotrine, helindicine, lycopsamine, indicine, indicine-N-oxide, acetyl-indicine, heleurine, supinine, supinidine, lindelofidine, trachelanthamidine, retronecine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, rapanone, C16-C18 fatty acid esters of 1-cyano-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-en-3-ol. It also yields an essential oil which consists mainly 49% phytol, 6.4% 1-dodecanol and 3% β-linalool.

·         In Malaysia, a paste made from the plant is applied to reduce urination, to counteract putrefaction, to treat pyoderma and ringworm infection. In Burma, a decoction of the whole plant is used to treat gonorrhea while in Indonesia, an infusion of the leaves is used to soothe mouth sprue. A decoction of the dried roots is drunk in the Philippines to promote menses, while the seeds are used to treat cholera, malaria, and for wound-healing .

·         The anti-infectious property of the herb is probably due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (2).

·         In fusion of the leaves and young shoots are used to treat nettle rash. Infusion of the flowers taken in small doses regulates menstruation, where large doses are abortive. Decoction of the leaves are used as a vermifuge. Juice of the leaves is antiseptic and anti-inflammation and applied to wounds, sores, boils, gum-boils and pimples on the face. Boiled with castor oil, it is applied to scorption bites. It is also employed locally in nophthalmia, when the cornea is inflamed or excoriated.

·         The roots of this herb contain rapanone related to the quinone embelin which is known to be a potential contraceptive agent .

·         Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have antitumor properties but with limited potentials owing to some extent the toxicity of the active constituent, indicine-N-oxide from Heliotropium indicum. It is reported that indicine-N-oxide has reached Phase 1 clinical trials in advanced cancer patients .

·         The essential oil from the aerial parts of the herb showed significant antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in the Alamar blue assay system with an MIC of 20.8 mg/ml (4).

·         Suspensions of powdered dried leaves of Heliotropiumindicum with 2% gum acacia were evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats. This herb produced significant anti-inflammatory effect in both the carrageenin hind paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma. However, it was found to be less effective than the standard drug such as phenylbutazone. The study concludes that this herb possesses anti-inflammatory effects in both acute and subacute inflammation (6).

·         Alcoholic extract of Heliotropium indicum was studied for wound healing properties in a rat model (7). Topical application of 10% w/v Heliotropium indicum increased the percentage of wound contraction and completed wound healing by the 14^th day with increased tensile strength indicating rapid epithelization and collagenization. This study suggests that the .

·         Indicine-N-oxide was tested on 37 patients (15 males, 22 females, mean age 53 years) with solid tumours (5). All patients had previously undergone chemotherapy, and 25 had prior radiotherapy. Eighty-four percent had a performance status of 0-3 (Cancer and Leukemia Group B criteria). The drug was given as a short infusion over 15 minutes and repeated with a median interval of 4 weeks with close monitoring of wbc and platelet counts. The patients were given a total of 55 courses starting from 1g/m² to a maximum tolerated dose of 9 g/m². The therapeutic dose was found to be at 7 g/m² and a dose of 5 g/m² was recommended for patients with high risk. Toxic effects were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and the toxicity was cumulative with repeated doses. Other toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, anemia, and hepatic dysfunction. The hematologic toxicity have a tendency to be more distinct in patients with hepatic dysfunction, poor marrow reserve, and heavy prior chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results demonstrated that there were no complete or partial responses. One patient with skin melanoma and another with ovarian carcinoma had improvement lasting 2 months. Dose reductions may be necessary for repeated courses.

·         Ingestion of this herb is dangerous. Fatal accidental poisoning in humans by drinking herbal tea probably contaminated or substituted with the seeds of this plant has been reported (8).

·         Lactating mothers should avoid consuming herbal tea contaminated with the seeds of this herb as it is a toxicity hazard to babies (8).

·         An extract from a solution made from either boiling its roots in water or from its pounded roots in water is drunk twice or thrice a day to treat yaws. An aqueous extract from its dried leaves exhibits gastropropective properties. A Juice extract from its leaves is applied onto wounds, sores, boils, gum-boils and facial pimples due to its antiseptic and anti inflammatory properties as a treatment. The compound alkaloid indicine exhibits anti tumor properties that act against carinosarcoma, leukemia and melanoma tumors, the plant also acts against human breast adenocarcinoma. Volatile oil extracts from its aerial parts exhibits activities that acts against tuberculosis. An infusion made from both its leaves and its young shoots is taken to treat nettle rash. A decoction made from its leaves is taken to expel parasitic worms. A solution made from boiling castor oil together with its leaves' juice extract is applied onto scorpion bites as a treatment. Its stem exhibits analgesic properties. An infusion made from its flowers when taken in large doses induces abortion whereas when taken in small doses it aids in regulating menstruation. It contains repellent properties that act as insecticides and anti feedant agents.

·         Plants are also astringent, emollient, vulnerary and diuretic. It is used as local application for ulcers, sores, wounds, gum boils, skin affections, stings of insects and rheumatism. Leaves are used for ringworm; juice is used in eye disease; decoction is used in fevers and urticaria. Roots are aphrodisiac; used for the cure of night blindness. Decoction of the roots is used in coughs and fevers. Seeds are stomachic. The flowers are considered emmenagogue in small doses and abortifacient in large doses (Yusuf et al. 2009).

Source: From Literature