Sanjeet Kumar
Ravenshaw University
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com
In temperate forests such as those in United
States wild edible mushrooms such as matsutake, medicinal plants such as
ginseng, and floral greens such as salal and sword fern are multimillion dollar
industries. While these high-value species may grab the most attention, a
diversity of NTFPs can be found in most forests of the world. In tropical
forests, NTFPs can be an important source of income that can supplement farming
or other activities. A value-analysis of Amazonian rainforest in Peru found
that exploitation of NTFPs could yield higher net revenue per hectare than
would timber harvest of the same area, while still conserving vital ecological
services.[3] Their economic, cultural and
ecological value, when considered in aggregate, makes managing for NTFPs an
important component of sustainable
forest management and the conservation of biological
and cultural diversity.
Ravenshaw University
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com
Some important NTFP (Non Timber Forest Product) plants of
India
The rich biodiversity
of NTFP in India not only provide income to tribal and rural people, but also
provide nutritious food and play a major role to fight against Malnutrition.
Quite often, besides providing timber, firewood, fodder, they serve as famine
insurance in periods of food scarcity. NTFP is
any commodity obtained from the forest that
does not necessitate harvesting trees. It
includes game animals, fur-bearers, nuts, seeds, berries,mushrooms, oils, foliage, medicinal plants, peat, fuelwood, forage, etc. A
few examples of the many different kinds of NTFPs include mushrooms, huckeberries, ferns, transplants, seed cones, piñon seed, tree nuts, moss, maple syrup, cork, cinnamon, rubber, tree oils and resins, and ginseng. Some definitions also include
small animals and insects. Products
are commonly grouped into categories such as floral greens, decoratives,
medicinal plants, foods, flavours and fragrances, fibres, and saps and resins. Other
terms synonymous with non-timber forest products include special forest
products, non wood forest products, minor forest products, alternative forest
products and secondary forest products. These terms are useful because they
help highlight forest products that are of value to local people and
communities, but have often been overlooked in the wake of forest management
priorities such as timber production and animal forage. In recent decades
interest has grown in using NTFP as an alternative or supplement to forest
management practices such as clear-cut logging. In some forest types, and under
the right political and social conditions, forests could be managed to increase
NTFP diversity, and consequently increase biodiversity and potentially economic
diversity. Since pre-history, humans around the world have relied on products
derived from forest species for their survival and well-being. NTFP harvesting
remains widespread throughout the world. People from diverse income levels, age
groups, and cultural backgrounds harvest NTFPs for household subsistence,
maintaining cultural and family traditions, obtaining spiritual fulfilment,
maintaining physical and emotional well-being, scientific learning, and earning
income. Other terms synonymous with harvesting include wildcrafting, gathering,
collecting and foraging. NTFPs serve as raw materials for industries ranging
from large-scale floral greens suppliers and pharmaceutical companies to
micro-enterprises centred around basket-making, woodcarving, medicinal plant
harvesting and processing, and a variety of other activities. Estimating the
contribution of NTFPs to national or regional economies is difficult due to the
lack of broad-based systems for tracking the combined value of the hundreds of
products that make up the various NTFP industries. One exception to this is the
maple syrup industry, which in 2002 in the
United States alone yielded 1.4 million US gallons (5,300 m3) worth
$38.3 million USD.
In temperate forests such as those in United
States wild edible mushrooms such as matsutake, medicinal plants such as
ginseng, and floral greens such as salal and sword fern are multimillion dollar
industries. While these high-value species may grab the most attention, a
diversity of NTFPs can be found in most forests of the world. In tropical
forests, NTFPs can be an important source of income that can supplement farming
or other activities. A value-analysis of Amazonian rainforest in Peru found
that exploitation of NTFPs could yield higher net revenue per hectare than
would timber harvest of the same area, while still conserving vital ecological
services.[3] Their economic, cultural and
ecological value, when considered in aggregate, makes managing for NTFPs an
important component of sustainable
forest management and the conservation of biological
and cultural diversity.
Some major plants
1.
Aegle marmelos
2.
Aglaia elaeagnoidea
3.
Alangium savifolium
4.
Allophylus serratus
5.
Ampelocissus latifolia
6.
Annona squamosa
7.
Annona reticulate
8.
Antidesma bunius
9.
Antidesma ghaesembilla
10. Aporusa octandra
11. Ardisia solanacea
12. Artocarpus heterophyllus
13. Artocarpus lacucha
14. Atalantia monophylla
15. Averrhoe carambola
16. Azima tetracantha
17. Baccaurea ramiflora
18. Bauhinia vahlii
19. Borassus flabellifer
20. Bridelia retusa
21. Calamus gurva
22. Calamus latifolius
23. Citrus medica
24. Dillenia indica
25. Diospyros melanoxylon
26. Garcinia cowaica
27. Lannea coromandelica
28. Madhuca indica
29. Mangifera indica
30. Manilkara hexandra
31. Olax psittacorum
32. Phonix sylvestris
33. Phyllanthus emblica
34. Psidium guajava
35. Semicarpus anacardium
36. Syzygium cumini
37. Tamarindus indica
38. Ziziphus mauritiana
39. Ziziphus oenoplia
40. Ziziphus rugosa
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