Sanjeet Kumar
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com
Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 2011 15(4), 515-521
Starch – Stärke, 1972, 24(2): 54-58, Studies on the Starches of Dioscorea. D.alata, eatable and D.cinnamomifolia, non eatable
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com
7350 J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 73507358
Isolation and Identification of Novel Estrogenic Compounds in Yam Tuber (Dioscorea alata Cv. Tainung No. 2)
WEI-YI CHENG, YUEH-HSIUNG KUO AND CHING-JANG HUANG
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a common food in tropical areas and has been shown to improve the status of sex hormone in postmenopausal women. In this study, the estrogenic activity of yam was examined and active compounds were isolated and identified based on ligand-dependent transcriptional activation through estrogen receptors. Ethyl acetate extracts of various species/varieties of yam were found to activate estrogen receptors R and â to various extents. The extract of Dioscorea alata cv. Tainung No. 2 tuber was fractionated by repeated silica gel column chromatography. The active compounds were isolated and purified by preparative HPLC. Based on NMR and mass spectrometry, two new compounds, hydro-Q9 chromene (1) and ç-tocopherol-9 (2), together with three known compounds, RRR-R-tocopherol (3), coenzyme Q9 (4), and 1-feruloylglycerol (5), were identified and shown to activate human ERR and â. These results provide basic evidence for the beneficial effect of yam for menopausal women.
Ecosistemas 14 (2): 142-149. Mayo 2005.
Consideraciones etnobotánicas sobre el género Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) en Cuba
J. Pérez, D. Albert, S. Rosete, L. Sotolongo, M. Fernández, P. Delprete, L. Raz
Se analizan algunos aspectos etnobotánicos de las dioscoreas cubanas. Se realizaron entrevistas para determinar los usos y aplicaciones de estas especies en diferentes regiones del país. Los usos más frecuentes de las especies del género Dioscorea en Cuba son como suplemento dietético, en afecciones gástricas (gastritis) y en rituales de la religión Yoruba. Se determinó los valores de uso de las species útiles del género.
Some ethnobotanical aspects of the Cuban dioscoreas are analyzed. Interviews were conducted to determine the uses of these plants in different regions of the country. The most frequent uses of species of the genus Dioscorea in Cuba are dietary supplement, against gastric affections (gastritis) and in Yoruba religious rituals. Values of use of the useful species of the genus were determined.
Ethnobotany Research & Applications 6:385-394 (2008)
Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a Major Food Plant of the Sakai Tribe at Banthad Range, Peninsular Thailand
Katesarin Maneenoon, Puangpen Sirirugsa and Kitichate Sridith
Abstract
Dioscorea is the main source of carbohydrate for the Sakai tribe at Banthad Range, Peninsular Thailand. Nine subgroups of Sakai wander in this area where fifteen species of the genus have been found. Thirteen of the species are consumed by the Sakai. The remaining two species are inedible. This study investigates the Sakai population pyramid, the Sakai living areas, the species diversity and ethnobotany of Dioscorea as well as the nutritional compositions of selected Dioscorea species.
Effect of liquid media culture systems on yam plant growth
(Dioscorea alata L. ‘Pacala Duclos’)
Manuel Cabrera Jova , Rafael Gómez Kosky , Ernesto Espinosa Cuellar
The culture system type in liquid media influences yam plant growth (‘Pacala Duclos’ clone). In culture systems with forced renewal of internal atmosphere in culture flasks, Temporary Immersion System (TIS) and Constant Immersion System (CIS) with aeration through continuous bubbling in culture medium, higher results were obtained in morphological and physiological plant indicators in comparison with plants obtained in culture systems with passive renewal of internal atmosphere in culture flasks or Static Liquid System (SLS). In Temporary Immersion System, the best results were obtained after six weeks of culture in relation to total length (20.8 cm), axillary bud number (8.6), fresh weight (2.1 g) and dry weight (0.18 g) per plant, as well as photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, b, and total), net photosynthesis (15.3 μmol C02.m-2.s-1), total transpiration (5.97 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1), stomatal conductance (457 μmol H2O.m-2.s-1) and leaf starch content (45.77 mg.gMF-1). Reducing sugar in culture medium with Temporary Immersion System was completely depleted, and mineral nutrients of lower contents (phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, iron, and manganese) in culture medium from this culture system could be related with plant growing. The results of this work could contribute to develop protocol for in vitro plant propagation of this yam clone.
Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011, 2 (4): 21-24
Foliar epidermal anatomy of four species of dioscorea
Aina, O. Daniel and Atumeyi, S.
ABSTRACT
Cuticular study of the foliar epidermis of four species of Dioscorea was carried out in order to supplement our present taxonomic knowledge of the four members of this genus. Dioscorea alata, D. cayenensis, D. domentorum and D. rotundata were collected from farmland within Kogi State University Campus. Five leaf samples of each species were harvested, from which cuticular samples were prepared by maceration, stained and mounted on slides. Abaxial and adaxial cuticles were prepared separately. A total of 40 slides were prepared and viewed in 10 fields of view using Leica binocular microscope at x40 objective. Collected data for numbers and types of Trichome and stomata were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Descriptive analysis, Test of Homogeneity and Multiple comparison tests. There were significant variations in all the species for all the parameters studied. The possibility of the use of these parameters in taxonomic delineation was discussed.
KEW BULLETIN VOL. 63: 113–120 (2008)
An endangered new species of edible yam (Dioscorea, Dioscoreaceae) from Western Madagascar and its conservation
Paul Wilkin, Mamy Tiana Rajaonah, Vololoniaina Harimanga Jeannoda, Annette Hladik,
Victor Louis Jeannoda, & Claude Marcel Hladik
Summary. A new species of Dioscorea from Morondava prefecture in Western Madagascar is described. Dioscorea bako Wilkin differs from D. alatipes Burkill & H. Perr. by its usually shallowly and irregularly lobed leaf margins, broader leaf blade (grey-green below), longer petiole and the broadly cuneate area where the petiole is inserted onto the leaf blade in the basal sinus. It is pubescent, especially densely on young shoots and inflorescences. It is endemic to Morondava Préfecture and is endangered under IUCN Red List category criteria (IUCN 2001). The unusual morphological features of its inflorescences, some of which are shared with D. alatipes are discussed. Dioscorea bako is a favoured food source for people of the Menabe region and is reported by them to be increasingly hard to find. Immediate conservation measures are necessary to ensure that it remains extant and, in the medium to long term, research should be undertaken to guide its sustainable utilization.
The Wild Yam – a review
Anthony C. Dweck FLS FRSH FRSC
Personal Care Magazine 3, 3, p.7-9. (2002).
The Wild Yam – review of Dioscorea species.
Introduction
When it was decided to review the wild yam and related Dioscorea species it was probably in ignorance of the complexity of the task. This is a fascinating plant with many uses in folk lore and also in the history of the development of modern pharmacy. The number of species is quite overwhelming (over 600) and the ethnobotanical use most interesting.
Toxicol Int. 2012 May-Aug; 19(2): 100–105.
PMCID: PMC3388750
Bio-efficacy of Dioscorea pentaphylla from Midmid-Western Ghats, India
Indian Journal of Pharmacology
SHORT COMMUNICATION
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Year : 2011 | Volume : 43 | Issue : 4 | Page : 455-459
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Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of tubers of Dioscorea alata in alloxan induced diabetic ratsV Maithili1, SP Dhanabal1, S Mahendran2, R Vadivelan3
The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract showed the presence of phytosterols, triterpenoids, proteins, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, fats and oils, tannins, and phenolic compounds.
International Journal of Molecular and Medicine and Advance Sciences, 2006, 2(2): 199-203
Evaluation of the Phytonutrients, Mineral and Vitamin contents of some varieties of Yam (Dioscorea sp.)
Okwu DE and CU Ndu
The phytonutrients, vitamins and mineral content of seven varieties of Yams were investigated. All the species studied were found to contain bioactive compounds comprising saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenols.
Starch – Stärke, 1972, 24(2): 54-58, Studies on the Starches of Dioscorea. D.alata, eatable and D.cinnamomifolia, non eatable
Feiga R. T. Rosenthal Head, Sandra L. Pelegrino, Anna Maria N. Corrêa
The starches of the species of Dioscorea that have been studied are composed of granules of different sizes and shapes. The average iodine affinity is 4.6% so, the amylose content is not very high. The values of the free-swelling power and solubility and the quick and progressive solubilization in DMSO suggest a heterogeneous structure, with weak linking forces and a low degree of association inside the granules. The Brabender viscosity curves are very similar to the ones of the bread-fruit starch, exception made to the cold paste viscosity. The properties of the starches of those species of Dioscorea suggest useful applications.
International Food Research Journal 19 (3): 985-992 (2012)
Polycarp, D., Afoakwa, E. O., Budu, A. S. and Otoo, E.
Characterization of chemical composition and anti-nutritional factors in seven species within the Ghanaian yam (Dioscorea) germplasm
Abstract: This study characterized the most cultivated and consumed yam (Dioscorea) cultivars within the Ghanaian yam germplasm based on their chemical composition and anti-nutritional factors. Matured yam cultivars grown under the same climatic and edaphic factors were harvested from the Roots and Tuber Conservatory Division of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso Ghana. Samples were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral content and levels of tannins, phytates and oxalates using standard analytical methods. Significant differences (p<0.05) existed between the means of the yam varieties based on their chemical characteristics. The moisture content of the fresh tubers ranged between 58.18 to 77.79%. The varieties had low fat (<1.0%), protein (4.0-6.5%) and fibre (1.25-3.47%) with high carbohydrate (77.5-87.3%) and energy (1451.2-1574.7 kJ/100g). The most predominant minerals were potassium (475-1475 mg/100g), phosphorus (158-294.5 mg/100g) and sodium (62.5-102.5 mg/100g). All the studied varieties had low levels of oxalates, tannins and phytates (<15 mg/100g) and could all be safely recommended for food processing applications. D. rotundata, D. praehensalis, D. cayenensis and D. bulbifera differed from the rest by having higher levels of carbohydrate and energy with appreciable levels of minerals that make them nutritious and can be used as reliable food and energy security crops. D. rotundata (Pona) variety distinguishes itself because of low moisture content (high dry matter) that makes it suitable for high yield flour production.
Journal of Applied Biosciences 51: 3583– 3590
In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant analysis of Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax and Dioscorea hirtiflora (Linn.) and their bioactive metabolites from Nigeria
Mubo Adeola Sonibare and Rebecca Busayo Abegunde
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To analyze total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of tuber extracts of two Dioscorea species. Methodology and results: 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were used to determine total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of tuber extracts of D. dumetorum (edible and wild species) and D. hirtiflora. Total Flavonoids were determined by repeatedly extracting 1 g of powdered tuber sample with 10ml of 80% aqueous methanol at room temperature for 2-4 hours. Antimicrobial activity was determined by Agar diffusion and pour plate methods. Quantitative analysis of bioactive components revealed that total phenols are the major bioactive constituents found in the extracts expressed as mg of GAE per gram, which ranged from 22.83 ± 0.33mg/g to 64.33 ± 2.55mg/g. Mean concentrations of flavonoids ranged from 7.53± 0.07 mg/g to 25.60 ± 0.39 mg/g. Anti-oxidant efficiency was higher in D. hirtiflora and non-edible D. dumetorum than edible D. dumetorum when compared to standard antioxidants like Ascorbic acid. Antimicrobial activity profile showed direct influence of concentrations of bioactive components. Conclusion and application of findings: The results of our study confirmed the folkloric uses of the studied plants and provided evidence that tuber extracts of D. dumetorum and D. hirtiflora might indeed be potential sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Nature and Science, 2009;7(3)
Relative Agronomic performance of different Dioscorea species found in different parts of Orissa.
Kambaska Kumar Behera , Santilata Sahoo and Aratibala Prusti
ABSTRACT: A study was under taken to quantify the relative agronomic performance of twelve Dioscorea species (11 wild and one cultivated species D.esculenta) found in different parts of Orissa .Various agro morphological character starting from plant height to yield per plant was evaluated among the twelve different Dioscorea species and presented in tabular form as per the standard agro metric method.The agronomic character analysis revealed that plant height was significantly superior in D. hispida (3.21 m) followed by the shortest height was noticed in D. oppositifolia (1.98 m). However at final stage of the crop highest number of leaves are found in D. oppositifolia (179) and D. wallichii (156). Tuber number per plant was the highest in D. esculenta (6.2) and there was only one tuber in D. bulbifera. The tuber: shoot ratio was significantly the highest in D. wallichii (2.43) and the lowest in D. oppositifolie (0.833). The ratio was very low in D. bulbifera and D. hamiltonii .The yield (kg/plant) was significantly highest in D. bulbifera (1.646 kg) and lowest yield was obtained with D. belophylla (0.654 kg) followed by D. Pubera (0.678 kg). From the study it is concluded that each species has their own identical agronomic character with certain similarities and dissimilarities among themselves.
Journal of Applied Biosciences 45: 3045– 3058
Diversity of the morphological traits of yam (Dioscorea spp.) genotypes from Sierra Leone
P.E. Norman, P. Tongoona and P.E. Shanahan
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore morphological variability existing within germplasm and to characterize 52 yam genotypes using 28 morphological traits. Methodology and results: A total of 52 yam genotypes from Sierra Leone were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications during year 2010 at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Twenty-eight morphological traits measured from the genotypes were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The first 10 principal components (PCs), which had eigen-values >0.6 explained 86.61% of the total variability. The PCA results indicating traits that largely contributed to the variability within and between the species included: number of days to shoot emergence, shoot traits (position, shape, size, density, vein colour and measurements of leaves; shoot growth rate) and tuber traits (shape and flesh colour). The two-dimensional plots of the first two PCs grouped the accessions according to their species, whereas some of the genotypes within species were grouped according to the various tuber shapes: irregular, oblong, oval-oblong, round and cylindrical. Genotypes WR 07/024, SR 07/075, 07/073, ER 07/032 and NR 07/042 overlapped in sub-groups B1 and B2; whereas genotypes WR07/010, NR 07/041, ER 07/038 and NR 07/067 overlapped in sub-groups B1 and B3. This indicated the possibility of duplication of genotypes in the germplasm. The dendrogram of the CA showed six major groups, which also supported groupings in the PCA. Conclusion and potential application of results: This study revealed that wide genetic diversity exists in yam production cultivars grown in Sierra Leone which could be used to breed high yielding genotypes and other desired traits such as resistance to local pests and diseases. Findings would also be useful for genetic improvement and conservation planning of yams using molecular techniques to confirm the diversity observed.
Journal of Frontline Research in Arts and Science
Vol. 01 (2011): 44-53
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY OF
THE GENUS DIOSCOREA IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH, INDIA
BHASKAR SAIKIA, J. S. RAWAT, HUI TAG AND ARUP KR. DAS
Dioscorea is monocotyledonous tuber crop of the family Dioscoreaceae and is reported to be an old crop species native to South East Asia. Its tubers have high nutritional value and were probably the main source of sustenance for the tribal people of Arunachal Pradesh. From the survey it has been found that the rural people of this region directly collect tubers from the wilderness resulting in rapid depletion of the different species of the important genus. Through this paper we are trying to highlight the taxonomic status, ecology and distribution of collected species. Using geographical information system technology, we created a map of different sites which indicated the elevation wise distribution of different species.
Scientific World, Vol. 8, No. 8, July 2010
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF DIOSCOREA PENTAPHYLLA FROM MID WESTERN GHATS, INDIA
Prakash.G and Hosetti. B. B.
Abstract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude extracts of medicinally important and traditionally used yam plant Dioscorea pentaphylla from mid Western Ghats was evaluated against 27 bacterial and 5 fungal clinical strains collected of the patients from infectious sources. The clinical strains belonging to their respective species showed concentration dependent susceptibility towards crude petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and methanol extract at 100ìg/100ìL. All the extracts exhibited predominant antibacterial activity against S. aureus (ATCC-20852), P. aeruginosa (ATCC-29737) and K. pneumoniae (MTCC-618) respectively. and five clinically isolated pathogenic fungi, T. rubrum, M. gypseum, T. tonsurans, M. audouini, and C. albicans with antibacterial drug Ciprofloxacin and antifungal drug Fluconozole (50ìg/100ìL) as the standard drug. Out of three extracts, ethanol extracts possessed better minimum inhibition concentration against all the bacterial strains. All the three extracts showed significant result against all the five fungal pathogen strains. The results are promising and supported the traditional use of D. Pentaphylla for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.
Isolation and Characterization of Starches from eight Dioscorea alata cultivars grown in Jamaica
Riley, C. K., Wheatley, A. O. and Asemota, H. N.
Starches from eight Dioscorea alata cultivars grown in Jamaica were isolated and characterized. The starches were found to possess the open hydrated hexagonal crystalline pattern (type-B) with apparent amylose content ranging from 20.117 ± 0.017 gKg-1 for Darknight yam to 23.001 ± 0.058 gKg-1 for Barbados. The starch granules were found to display an asymmetric “Maltese” cross upon exposure to polarized light with projected mean granule diameters ranging from 22.89 μm to 28.01 μm. The starch granules were predominantly ellipsoidal in shape with only Renta yam and Barbados yam displaying triangular shaped granules. The swelling power of the starches were found to increase with temperature, with Moonshine (895.551 ± 1.051%) having the highest swelling power and Renta yam (757.401 ± 6.101%) the lowest at 95°C. Variations were also observed in the solubility, phosphorous content, crude fat content and gelatinization temperatures of the different yam starches. The properties of the different Dioscorea alata starches may prove useful in nutritional applications.
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