Sanjeet Kumar
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com
The Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of flowering plants comprising about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. Members of the family are mostly trees and lianas (Podranea and Macfadyena), shrubs and more rarely herbaceous plants. As climber plants, they are twine climbers or tendril climbers, and rarely root climbers. Most lianas are found in tribe Bignonieae, that alone contains nearly half the number of species of the family. The family and its genus Bignonia was named after Jean-Paul Bignon by his protégé Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1694. Other common names for this family include jacaranda family, bignonia family or catalpa family. This family is commonly found as ornamental plants due to their large and often colorful flowers. Important members include the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) and many genera cultivated in horticulture: Campsis, Catalpa, Jacaranda, Kigelia, Pandorea, Spathodea, and Tabebuia. The family, cosmopolitan, is present in both the Old World and the New World, with Catalpa the only genus common to both. Members are distributed mostly in the Tropics and subtropics, with the center of diversity in South America. A number of temperate species are found, mainly in North America and East Asia. 13 species in 8 genera (including 2 naturalised) are present in southern Africa. 12 genera and 35 species are present in China, 21 of which are endemic to China. In Australia, 10 genera and 17 species are present, only in the mainland states. In India, the family is represented by 15 genera and 40 species, which mostly occur in Western and Southern India and a few species in the Himalayas. Besides their use as ornamental plants, some members also provide timber, such as roble de sabana (Tabebuia rosea), Catalpa, Oroxylum, Haplophragma, Spathodea, Meliosma, Stereospermum. Fruit from the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) is used in the tropics as a water container. The fruit of the sausage tree (Kigelia africana) is used in Africa as a laxative and for dysentery. The jacaranda is common as an avenue tree.Compounds detected from this family include arthroquinones (found in 4 genera), verbascosides (found in 8 genera), cornoside (found in Eccremocarpus), quercetin, ursolic acid and, more rarely, saponins.
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com
The Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of flowering plants comprising about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. Members of the family are mostly trees and lianas (Podranea and Macfadyena), shrubs and more rarely herbaceous plants. As climber plants, they are twine climbers or tendril climbers, and rarely root climbers. Most lianas are found in tribe Bignonieae, that alone contains nearly half the number of species of the family. The family and its genus Bignonia was named after Jean-Paul Bignon by his protégé Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1694. Other common names for this family include jacaranda family, bignonia family or catalpa family. This family is commonly found as ornamental plants due to their large and often colorful flowers. Important members include the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) and many genera cultivated in horticulture: Campsis, Catalpa, Jacaranda, Kigelia, Pandorea, Spathodea, and Tabebuia. The family, cosmopolitan, is present in both the Old World and the New World, with Catalpa the only genus common to both. Members are distributed mostly in the Tropics and subtropics, with the center of diversity in South America. A number of temperate species are found, mainly in North America and East Asia. 13 species in 8 genera (including 2 naturalised) are present in southern Africa. 12 genera and 35 species are present in China, 21 of which are endemic to China. In Australia, 10 genera and 17 species are present, only in the mainland states. In India, the family is represented by 15 genera and 40 species, which mostly occur in Western and Southern India and a few species in the Himalayas. Besides their use as ornamental plants, some members also provide timber, such as roble de sabana (Tabebuia rosea), Catalpa, Oroxylum, Haplophragma, Spathodea, Meliosma, Stereospermum. Fruit from the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) is used in the tropics as a water container. The fruit of the sausage tree (Kigelia africana) is used in Africa as a laxative and for dysentery. The jacaranda is common as an avenue tree.Compounds detected from this family include arthroquinones (found in 4 genera), verbascosides (found in 8 genera), cornoside (found in Eccremocarpus), quercetin, ursolic acid and, more rarely, saponins.
These are Trees or shrubs, often climbers with opposite. rarely whorled or spiral, 1-3-pinnate, rarely simple leaves. Stipiles absent. Flowers large or moderate-sized, 2-sexual, zygomorphic in racemes or panicles with inconspicuous bracts. Calyx spathaceous or 2-5-lobed. Corolla usually tubular below, then ventricose, subregular or 2-lipped, lobes usually sub-equal and imbricate, rarely valvate, in bud. Stamens 4 didynamous, often with the 5th present as a staminode.Fruit elongate and capsular and 2-valved, the valves separating from the often swollen axis, rarely indehiscent.seeds flat or trigonous, prominently winged, exalbuminous;cotyledons flat or folded.
Genus of Bignoniaceae:
1. Oroxylum
2. Millingtonia
3. Bignonia
4. Tecoma
5. Spathodea
6. Stereospermum
7. Radermachera
8. Dolichandrone
9. Jacaranda
10. Parmentiera
11. Kigelia
12. Crescentia etc..
Oroxylum indicum Vent.
A small tree. Flowers large flashy purple.Bark soft with pale yellowish-green blaze. Seeds used as Purgative. The bark and fruits are used as Tanning and dyeing.
Tecoma Juss.
some spp. of Tecoma
· Tecoma undulata
· Tecoma stans
· Tecoma capensis
· Tecoma radicans
· Tecoma grandiflora
· Tecoma jasminoides
· Tecoma australis
Spathodea Beauv.
It has large spathaceous calyx with shorter tubular portion of the corolla, which is very broadly campanulate and ventricose above and brilliantly coloured, and in the absence of the false septum from the capsule.
Spathodea campanulata Beauv.
A large tree with very pale bark, young parts and inflorescence more or less velutinous, leaves pinnate with about 9 lanceolate leaflets.
Source : The Botany of Bihar and Orissa, H.H.Haines
Sanjeet Kumar
Department of Botany
Ravenshaw University
Cuttack, India
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