Evaluation of bioactive compounds of Bixa orellana L. (Kum Kum) a natural dye yielding plant of Odisha and test of its toxicity against Artemia salina

Sanjeet Kumar and P. K. Jena. Evaluation of bioactive compounds of Bixa orellana L. (Kum Kum): a natural dye yielding plant of Odisha and test of its toxicity against Artemia salina. Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. 2012, Proceedings of the 99^th Indian Science Congress. Pp.115.

Sanjeet Kumar and Padan Kumar Jena

Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack
sanjeet.biotech@gmail.com

Abstract

Bixa orellana L. (Kum Kum) is a cultivated plant, belongs to family Bixaceae. Leaves and fruits are used as dye among tribal community of Odisha. Dye is used as colouring agents in different food stuffs and plant parts are used as medicine among them. Experiments were designed to study the bioactive compounds presents in leaves and weather the leaf extract posses any toxic effect. The results revealed the potent bioactive compounds with no toxic action against Artemia salina L.

Objectives

Ø  Highlight the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological values using qualitative analysis of bioactive compounds with literature and field survey.

Ø  Evaluation of toxic activity against  Artemia salina to know the side effect on populace of tribal community of the state.

Methodology

Analysis of bioactive compounds was done by modified methods of Harborne (1973), Trease and Evans (1989). The BSA was carried out by Meyer et al., (1982) and Krishnaraju et al., (2005). The ethnobotanical survey was done to visit different forest divisions of Simlipal Biosphere Reserve Forest (SBR), Odisha, India.

Results

Table 1: Variations of bioactive compounds in different solvents in the leaves of

Bixa orellana L.

Bioactive compounds	Aqueous	Methanol	Acetone	Chloroform	Hexane	Ether
Tannins	Present	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Anthraquinone	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Flavonoids	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Saponin	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Phlobatanin	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Terpenoids	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent
Glycosides	Absent	Present	Present	Absent	Present	Present
Steroids	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent

Table 2: Toxicity of different extract of leaf of Bixa orellana L. against Artemia salina

Sample 5µl/ml	10:30 AM	12:30 PM	2:30 PM	After 24 hrs
Control	+4	+4	+4	+4
Hexane extract	+4	+4	+4	+4
Ether extract	+4	+4	+4	+4
Chloroform extract	+4	+4	+4	+4
Acetone extract	+4	+4	+4	+4
Methanol extract	+4	+4	+4	+4

 +4 indicate highly motile

Relevance of the study

Ø  The qualitative analyses of bioactive compounds highlight the pharmacological values of this plant.

Ø  The BSA showed it has no toxic effect; therefore populace of Odisha can use it without any dreadness of side effect.

Peculiar findings as a traditional medicine through field survey and literature

Ø  Leaf juice is used against snakebites among the tribal community of Kukurvuka village of Ghatkumar range (.......) of SBR.

Ø  Leaf juice is used in gonorrhoea among the Lohar community of Sanuski village of Gurguria range of SBR.

Ø  Leaves paste is applied to cure skin infections among the Kolhoo and Khadia tribe of SBR.

Ø  This plant was classified by the Food and drug Administration of the U.S.A as a “Color additive exempt of certification” (Paula et al., 2009).